The "hot" expulsion
up to the end of March 2000

Ca. 104,000 displaced persons
Ca. 15,000 plundered and destroyed houses
Ca. 1000 missing people
(abducted, burned, murdered, died while fleeing, died because of the conditions in camps)
Ca. 40,000 injured and psychologically traumatised people Sources: Gesellschaft für bedrohte Voelker, Goettingen; Ternikano Berno/Rromani Baxt, Paris; Rom e.V., Cologne

The "cold" expulsion
up to the end of September 2000

Besides the forms of "hot" expulsion, that continue, methods of "cold" expulsion are increasingly practised. About 20,000 Roma are estimated to be remaining in Kosovo. They cannot leave, because they do not have money or valid passports. They live in enclaves, protected by themselves or by Kfor which, due to the mass expulsion, now has fewer people to protect. Other Roma-communities or the remains of such, try to find protection near mosques. Still others count on the UCK (KLA) membership (!) of their elders. For most, this situation means a daily struggle to survive: they cannot go into the towns to buy food, attend school, see a doctor or visit UNMIK (the international Kosovo police) without being harassed, beaten or even killed. Only people with a white complexion are a little safer. Without the hope of getting work, they are unable to pay for water and electricity, which then is shut off, or to buy wood and other supplies for the approaching winter. Although attacks and abductions still happen - for instance against Roma families who are returning to Kosovo - the UCK (KLA) policy of getting across the message "Get out!" indirectly, through harassment and threat, is just as effective and much less compromising. And so one has to estimate a 15% increase of the numbers of Roma refugees since March 2000, because now both methods of expulsion are being practised.